Zeziphi iintlobo kunye neendlela zokusetyenzwa kwe-commutator ye-DC motor?

Umhambisi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-dc motor kunye ne-AC commutator armature. I-commutator isebenzisa amandla kwindawo efanelekileyo kwi-rotor kwaye ivelise amandla ajikelezayo azinzileyo (i-torque) ngokuguqula ulwalathiso lwangoku kwi-coil ehambayo ye-armature ye-motor. Kwi-motor, isixhobo esiguqula umqondiso we-square wave olinganiswa nge-electrode yokulinganisa ibe yi-pulsating yangoku ngokuthe ngqo ngokubuyisela umva isalathiso sangoku kwi-wingth ejikelezayo rhoqo ngesiqingatha sokujika ngokufaka isiguquli sangoku kwi-winding.

I-commutator lilungiselelo lokugquma kunye nemicu yobhedu edityaniswe kwikhoyili yemoto ukubonelela ngokubuyela umva kwikhoyili yemoto. Utshintsho kukubuyisela umva kwicala langoku. Ngokwe-commutator yeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo olwahlukeneyo lokutshixa lwangaphakathi lwahlulahlulwe lwaba sisihambeli esidityanisiweyo kunye ne-commutator yenqwelomoya, i-commutator edibeneyo ye-cylindrical, i-copper strip ehambelana nomngxuma, ibonakala ngolwakhiwo olulula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa. I-Integral commutators ifumaneka kwiindlela ezintathu ezisisiseko: ubhedu kunye ne-mica, i-cloud mother mold kunye nezindlu ezibunjiweyo. Umhambisi ocwangcisiweyo ujongeka ngathi fan onomgca wobhedu onecandelo le fan perpendicular kumngxuma.

Iintlobo ezintathu zabahambi ababunjiweyo

Ngokusetyenziswa umngxuma yangaphakathi yeplastiki kunye shaft ejikelezayo, isakhiwo ilula, kodwa ubukhulu umngxuma yangaphakathi yeplastiki akukho lula ukuyiqonda, kufuneka ulawule ngokungqongqo ubungakanani ukufa koxinzelelo kunye nexabiso leplastiki ukucutheka, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukunyamezelana. Umngxuma weshaft kufuneka uzame ukunqanda uxinzelelo olululo kwiplasitiki yokusetyenzwa, ukusebenza komatshini weplastiki kubi kakhulu.

Umkhono wobhedu ucinezelwe kunye neplastiki, kwaye ubukhulu bomngxuma we-shaft kulula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ukuze uthintele ukuhamba phakathi kweplastiki kunye nomkhono, umphezulu wesetyhula wangaphandle we-sleeve udla ngokugqithiswa okanye udibanise. Impahla yomkhono ingaba yithusi, intsimbi okanye i-aluminium alloy. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka buhambelane nobunzima be-rotor shaft, ngaphantsi kancinci kunobunzima be-rotor shaft.

Indandatho yokomeleza yongezwa kwi-groove ye-u-shaped piece ye-commutator piece. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthwala amandla e-centrifugal yentsimi yombane xa ububanzi be-commutator buhlulwe kwaye ukuphakama kwandisiwe. Ukufakwa phakathi kweringi kunye neqhekeza lomhambisi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Ngamakhonkco okuqina, ububanzi bomhambisi bunokwenziwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500.

Umhambisi wenqwelomoya

Enyanisweni, kwakhona i-commutator ebunjiweyo, kunye nomphezulu wobhedu odibene nebrashi yindiza yendandatho, eneneni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-plane commutator, lo mqhubi unesakhiwo esikhethekileyo, kwiphepha lobhedu kunye noluhlu lwegraphite, indima yayo kukubuyisela ingxabano ye-commutator kunye ne-carbon brush, ukwandisa ubomi bomhambisi.

Iintlobo ezintathu zokusetyenzwa komhambisi

Ukudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-commutator, ubungakanani bomhambisi buncinci, faka ngokubanzi indawo esezantsi yeshiti lobhedu kwi-commutator body, kwaye emva koko usebenzise iringi yobhedu ukucinezela iphepha lobhedu kumphezulu wesetyhula yangaphandle yomhambisi, kuba ubukhulu bejometri yecandelo lincinci kakhulu, ukucutshungulwa koomatshini kunzima, ukuchaneka komhambisi ngokubanzi kuphantsi.

Ipleyiti yobhedu yomhambisi inegwegwe phezulu kwaye iingcambu ezimbini ezithe tye zeconvex zifakwe kumzimba we-commutator ngokulandelelana, ukuze ipleyiti yobhedu idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kumphezulu wesetyhula wangaphandle womhambisi, emva koko ipleyiti yobhedu idityaniswe nayo. amabhanti amabini asezantsi ajikiweyo. Esi siguquli kwisondlo esijikayo sikhulu kakhulu ukuvelisa iphepha lobhedu eliphaphazelayo elinesiphene, ngokujika kufuneka lilawule ubuninzi besondlo kuluhlu oluthile. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iinkqubo ezininzi ze-lathe zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana iziphumo ezifunwayo.

I-Mechanical connection commutator, le yi-commutator eyahlukanayo, emva kokudityaniswa kwamacandelo amahlanu, eyaziwa ngokuba "zintlanu kwelinye", umphezulu wepleyiti yobhedu unentsimbi edibeneyo, iqhosha kumzimba womqhubi we-convex, indawo engezantsi ye-copper plate. jikisa iqhosha kumzimba wenkxaso yabahambisi, kukho iqumrhu loqhagamshelo lonxibelelwano kunye nomzimba wenkxaso. Emva kokucoca ucingo lwesikhumba sepeyinti, isiqwenga sobhedu somhambisi sidityaniswe nocingo lwesikhumba sepeyinti. Esi sijikelezi siya kuvelisa amaqhekeza obhedu aphaphazelayo aneziphene ukuba ubungakanani bokusika bukhulu kakhulu xa ujika.

isiphelo

I-commutator plate ixhunywe kwiikhoyili ze-armature. Inani leekhoyili lixhomekeke kwisantya kunye nombane wemoto. Ibrashi yobhedu ifaneleka ngakumbi kwi-voltage ephantsi kakhulu kunye nephezulu yangoku, ngelixa ukuchasana okuphezulu kwe-carbon brush kubangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane amakhulu. Ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kweCopper kuthetha ukuba amacandelo anokwenziwa abe mancinci kwaye agcinwe esondelelene kunye. Ukusebenzisa i-copper copper commutator inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, umsinga uya kuhamba ngokulula kubhedu, kwaye i-motor idla ngama-85 ukuya kuma-95 ekhulwini ngokufanelekileyo ekugqithiseni amandla kumthwalo wayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-elektroniki kusebenzisa i-electronics state-slid-state endaweni ye-commutators yoomatshini kunye neebrashi ezihambelanayo, kunye nokususwa kweebhrashi kuthetha ukukhuhlana okuncinci okanye ukuguga kwisistim kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ezi ntlobo zeenjini zithande ukuba yindleko kwaye zintsonkothe ​​kuneenkqubo zebrashi ezilula ngenxa yesidingo sabalawuli kunye nombane.