Ukuqonda ulwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo

1. Kutheni imagnethi imagnethi?

Izinto ezininzi zenziwe ngeeathom ezenziwe ngee-nuclei kunye nee-electron. Ngaphakathi kweathom, ii-electron zijikeleza kwaye zijikeleze umongo, zombini ezivelisa imagnetism. Kodwa kwimiba emininzi, ii-electron zihamba kuzo zonke iintlobo zezalathiso ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye iziphumo zemagneti zirhoxisa enye kwenye. Ke ngoko, izinto ezininzi azibonisi umazibuthe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic ezifana nentsimbi, i-cobalt, i-nickel okanye i-ferrite, i-electron spins yangaphakathi inomgca ngokuzenzekelayo kwiindawo ezincinci, zenze ummandla wemagneti ozenzekelayo obizwa ngokuba yi-magnetic domain. Xa imathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic yenziwe nguzibuthe, iindawo zazo zangaphakathi zemagnethi zilungelelaniswa ngokucocekileyo kwaye kwicala elinye, zomeleza umazibuthe kwaye zenze imagnethi. Inkqubo umazibuthe yinkqubo umazibuthe yentsimbi. Intsimbi enemagnethi kunye nemagnethi zinemitsalane eyahlukileyo ye-polarity, kwaye intsimbi "ibambene" ngokuqinileyo kunye nomazibuthe.

2. Indlela yokuchaza ukusebenza kwemagnethi?

Kukho ubukhulu becala iiparamitha ezintathu zokumisela ukusebenza kwemagnethi:
I-Remanent Br: Emva kokuba umazibuthe osisigxina enziwe uzibuthe kwi-saturation yobugcisa kunye nendawo yangaphandle yemagnethi isusiwe, i-Br egciniweyo ibizwa ngokuba yintsalela yamandla okufakwa kumagnethi.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Hc: Ukunciphisa i-B yemagnethi esisigxina kwi-saturation yobugcisa ukuya kwi-zero, amandla ombane obuyela umva ofunekayo kuthiwa yi-magnetic coercivity, okanye ukunyanzeliswa kokufutshane.
Imveliso yamandla emagnethi BH: imele uxinaniso lwamandla kazibuthe osekwe yimagnethi kwindawo yesikhewu somoya (isithuba esiphakathi kweepali ezimbini zemagnethi umazibuthe), oko kukuthi, amandla ombane amileyo ngokweyunithi yomthamo womsantsa womoya.

3. Indlela yokuhlela izinto zentsimbi zemagneti?

Iimathiriyeli zemagneti zentsimbi zohlulwe zibe yimathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina kunye nezixhobo ezithambileyo zikamagnetic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto eziphathekayo ezinonyanzeliso lwangaphakathi olungaphezulu kwe-0.8kA / m zibizwa ngokuba yi-magnetic material esisigxina, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo ezinokunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi ngaphantsi kwe-0.8kA / m zibizwa ngokuba yi-soft magnetic material.

4. Uthelekiso lwamandla kazibuthe eentlobo ezininzi zeemagnethi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo

Amandla emagnethi ukusuka kubukhulu ukuya kulungiselelo oluncinci: Imagnethi yeNdfeb, umazibuthe wesamarium cobalt, i-aluminium nickel cobalt umazibuthe, umazibuthe weferrite.

5. Isifaniso se-Sexual valence yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemagneti?

I-Ferrite: ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokuphakathi, elona xabiso liphantsi, iimpawu zobushushu obulungileyo, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, umlinganiselo wexabiso lokusebenza kakuhle
I-Ndfeb: ukusebenza okuphezulu, ixabiso eliphakathi, amandla amahle, angaxhathisi ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokubola
I-Samarium cobalt: ukusebenza okuphezulu, ixabiso eliphezulu, i-brittle, iimpawu ezintle zokushisa, ukuxhathisa ukubola
I-Aluminiyam ye-nickel cobalt: ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokuphakathi, ixabiso eliphakathi, iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zobushushu, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ukunganyangeki kakubi
I-cobalt ye-Samarium, i-ferrite, i-Ndfeb inokwenziwa nge-sintering kunye nendlela yokudibanisa. Ipropathi yemagnethi ye-sintering iphezulu, ukubunjwa kumbi, kwaye imagnethi yokudibanisa ilungile kwaye ukusebenza kuncitshiswe kakhulu. I-AlNiCo inokuveliswa ngeendlela zokuphosa kunye ne-sintering, imagnethi yokuphosa ineepropathi eziphezulu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, kunye neemagnethi ezidibeneyo zineepropati ezisezantsi kunye nokusebenza okungcono.

6. Iimpawu zeNdfeb umazibuthe

I-Ndfeb isigxina semagnethi sisixhobo semagnethi esisigxina esekwe kwi-intermetallic compound Nd2Fe14B. I-Ndfeb inemveliso yamandla kamagnetic ephezulu kakhulu kunye namandla, kwaye iingenelo zoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu zenza i-ndFEB isigxina semagnethi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kushishino lwanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe be-elektroniki, ukuze izixhobo, iinjini ze-electroacoustic, izixhobo zokwahlula imagnethi zincinci. kunokwenzeka.

Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo: I-Ndfeb ineenzuzo zokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu, kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini; Ububi kukuba iqondo lobushushu leCurie lisezantsi, iqondo lobushushu alilunganga, kwaye kulula ukuba libe ngumgubo, ngoko ke kufuneka liphuculwe ngokuhlenga-hlengisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nokwamkelwa konyango lomphezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenziwa kokusetyenziswa.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso: Ukwenziwa kweNdfeb kusetyenziswa inkqubo yomgubo wesinyithi.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo: ukudibanisa → ukwenza i-ingot enyibilikayo → ukwenza umgubo → ukucinezela → ukucaphuka kwe-sintering → ukubonwa kwemagnethi → ukucola → ukusika i-pin → i-electroplating → imveliso egqityiweyo.

7. Yintoni imagnethi enecala elinye?

Imagnethi ineepali ezimbini, kodwa kwenye indawo yomsebenzi ifuna iimagnethi zepali enye, ngoko ke kufuneka sisebenzise intsimbi ukuya kwindawo evalelwe umazibuthe, intsimbi ecaleni kokhuselo lwemagnethi, kwaye ngokuphinda-phinda ukuya kwelinye icala lepleyiti yemagnethi, yenza enye. icala umazibuthe ukomelezwa, ezifana umazibuthe ngokuhlangeneyo zaziwa njengemagnethi enye okanye umazibuthe. Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuba yimagnethi esecaleni.
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa umazibuthe okwicala elinye liyi-arc iron sheet kunye neNdfeb umazibuthe owomeleleyo, imilo yemagnethi yecala elinye ye-ndFEB umazibuthe owomeleleyo ngokubanzi imilo engqukuva.

8. Yintoni ukusetyenziswa kweemagnethi kwicala elinye?

(1) Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokushicilela. Kukho iimagnethi ezisecaleni kwiibhokisi zezipho, iibhokisi zeselfowuni, icuba kunye neebhokisi zewayini, iibhokisi zeselfowuni, iibhokisi zeMP3, iibhokisi zekeyiki zenyanga kunye nezinye iimveliso.
(2) Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lempahla yesikhumba. Iibhegi, iibrifkheyisi, iibhegi zokuhamba, iikesi zeefowuni eziphathwayo, izipaji kunye nezinye iimpahla zethwathwa zonke zinobukho bemagnethi kwicala elinye.
(3) Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokubhala. Iimagnethi zecala elinye zikhona kwiincwadana zamanqaku, amaqhosha ebhodi emhlophe, iifolda, iipleyiti zemagnethi, njalo njalo.

9. Yintoni ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokuthuthwa kweemagnethi?

Nika ingqalelo kumswakama wangaphakathi, omele ugcinwe kwinqanaba elomileyo. Musa ukugqithisa ubushushu begumbi; Ibhloko emnyama okanye imeko engenanto yokugcina imveliso inokugqithwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeoli (ioli ngokubanzi); Iimveliso ze-Electroplating kufuneka zibe zi-vacuum-ezivaliweyo okanye zigcinwe zodwa zomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion of coating; Iimveliso zemagnethi kufuneka zifunxe kunye kwaye zigcinwe kwiibhokisi ukuze zingafunxa ezinye imizimba yesinyithi; Iimveliso zemagnethi kufuneka zigcinwe kude kwiidiski zemagnethi, amakhadi emagnethi, iiteyiphu zemagnethi, iimonitha zekhompyuter, iiwotshi kunye nezinye izinto ezinovakalelo. Imeko yemagnethi yemagnethi kufuneka ikhuselwe ngexesha lokuhamba, ngakumbi ezothutho zomoya kufuneka zikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo.

10. Ukufumana njani ukuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic?

Izinto ezinokuthi zifakwe kwi-magnet kuphela zinokuthintela umhlaba wamagnetic, kwaye ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo, ngcono.

11. Yeyiphi imathiriyeli yeferrite eqhuba umbane?

I-ferrite enemagnethi ethambileyo yeyesixhobo sokwenza imagnethi, ukufikeleleka okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukumelana okuphezulu, okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kumaza aphezulu, ikakhulu asetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki. Njengeekhompyuter kunye neeTV esizichukumisayo mihla le, kukho izicelo kuzo.
I-ferrite ethambileyo ibandakanya ikakhulu i-manganese-zinc kunye ne-nickel-zinc njl njl. I-Manganese-zinc ferrite conductivity magnetic inkulu kune-nickel-zinc ferrite.
Yintoni ubushushu beCurie yeferrite yemagnethi esisigxina?
Kuxelwe ukuba ubushushu beCurie be-ferrite bumalunga ne-450℃, budla ngokuba bukhulu okanye bulingana no-450℃. Ubunzima bumalunga ne-480-580. Ubushushu beCurie bemagnethi yeNdfeb buphakathi kwama-350-370℃. Kodwa ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwemagnethi yeNdfeb ayikwazi ukufikelela kwiqondo lobushushu leCurie, iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-180-200℃ ipropathi kazibuthe iye yathomalalisa kakhulu, ilahleko kazibuthe nayo inkulu kakhulu, ilahlekelwe lixabiso lokusetyenziswa.

13. Ziziphi iiparamitha ezisebenzayo ze-magnetic core?

I-Magnetic cores, ngokukodwa izinto ze-ferrite, zineemilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo zejometri. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zoyilo olwahlukeneyo, ubungakanani bondoqo nabo bubalwa ukuze buhambelane neemfuno zokuphucula. Ezi parameters zingundoqo ezikhoyo ziquka iiparameters ezibonakalayo ezifana nendlela yamagnetic, indawo esebenzayo kunye nomthamo osebenzayo.

14. Kutheni iradiyasi yekona ibalulekile ekujikeni?

I-radius ye-angular ibalulekile kuba ukuba i-edge of the core ibukhali kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuphula i-insulation yocingo ngexesha lenkqubo echanekileyo yokucima. Qinisekisa ukuba imiphetho engundoqo igudile. Ii-Ferrite cores zingundo ezineradiyasi engqukuva eqhelekileyo, kwaye ezi cores zikhazimlisiwe kwaye zikhutshiwe ukunciphisa ubukhali bemiphetho yazo. Ukongeza, ii-cores ezininzi zipeyintwe okanye zigqunywe kungekuphela nje ukwenza ii-angles zazo zidlule, kodwa kunye nokwenza umphezulu wazo ojikelezayo ube mpuluswa. I-powder core ine-radius yoxinzelelo kwelinye icala kunye ne-deburring semi-circle kwelinye icala. Kwizinto ze-ferrite, i-cover edge eyongezelelweyo inikezelwa.

15. Loluphi uhlobo lwe-core magnetic olufanelekileyo ukwenza ii-transformers?

Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-transformer core kufuneka ibe ne-high magnetic induction intention kwelinye icala, kwelinye icala ukugcina ukunyuka kwayo kobushushu ngaphakathi komda othile.
I-inductance, i-core magnetic kufuneka ibe ne-gap ethile yomoya ukuqinisekisa ukuba inomgangatho othile wokungena kwimeko ye-DC ephezulu okanye i-AC drive, i-ferrite kunye ne-core ingaba unyango lwe-gap yomoya, i-powder core ine-gap yayo yomoya.

16. Loluphi uhlobo londoqo wemagnethi ogqwesileyo?

Kufuneka kuthiwe akukho mpendulo kule ngxaki, kuba ukhetho lwe-core magnetic luzimisele ngokusekelwe kwizicelo kunye nobuninzi bezicelo, njl. njl. ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuncinci, kodwa ixabiso liyabiza, ngoko ke, xa ukhetha izinto ezichasene nobushushu obuphezulu, Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe ubungakanani obukhulu kodwa izinto eziphathekayo ngexabiso eliphantsi ukugqiba umsebenzi, ngoko ke ukhetho lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zesicelo. kwi-inductor yakho yokuqala okanye i-transformer, ukusuka kweli nqaku, i-frequency yokusebenza kunye neendleko zizinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kusekelwe kwi-frequency yokutshintsha, ubushushu kunye nobuninzi be-magnetic flux.

17. Yintoni i-anti-interference magnetic ring?

Umsesane wemagnethi ochasene nokuphazamiseka ubizwa ngokuba yi-ferrite magnetic ring. Umthombo womnxeba wokuchasana nokuphazamiseka komsesane wamagnetic, kukuba unokudlala indima ye-anti-interference, umzekelo, iimveliso zombane, ngophawu lwangaphandle lokuphazamiseka, ukuhlaselwa kweemveliso zombane, iimveliso zombane zifumene ukuphazamiseka kophawu lwangaphandle, azizange ekwazi ukubaleka ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye anti-ukuphazamiseka umsesane magnetic, nje unokuba lo msebenzi, okoko nje iimveliso kunye nomsesane anti-ukuphazamiseka magnetic, oko kunokuthintela umqondiso ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle kwiimveliso elektroniki, Ingenza iimveliso zombane ziqhube ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye dlala i-anti-interference effect, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-anti-interference magnetic ring.

Umsesane wokuchasana nokuphazamiseka waziwa ngokuba yi-ferrite magnetic ring, kuba i-ferrite magnetic ring yenziwe nge-iron oxide, i-nickel oxide, i-zinc oxide, i-copper oxide kunye nezinye izinto ze-ferrite, kuba ezi zixhobo ziqulethe izinto ze-ferrite, kunye nezixhobo ze-ferrite eziveliswa yi-ferrite. imveliso efana nomsesane, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-ferrite magnetic ring.

18. Indlela yokwenza i-demagnetize i-core magnetic?

Indlela yokufaka i-alternating current ye-60Hz kwi-core ukwenzela ukuba i-current yokuqala yokuqhuba yanele ukuhlutha iziphelo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi, kwaye emva koko ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe inqanaba lokuqhuba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxesha amaninzi de ihla ukuya kwi-zero. Kwaye loo nto izakuyenza ibuyele kwisimo sayo sokuqala.
Yintoni imagnetoelasticity (magnetostriction)?
Emva kokuba izinto zamagnetic zenziwe nguzibuthe, utshintsho oluncinci kwijometri luya kwenzeka. Olu tshintsho kubungakanani kufuneka lube kulandelelwano lwamacandelo ambalwa kwisigidi, esibizwa ngokuba yimagnetostriction. Kwezinye izicelo, ezifana neejeneretha ze-ultrasonic, inzuzo yale propati ithathwa ukufumana ukuguqulwa komatshini ngemagnetostriction enemincili. Kwamanye, ingxolo yokubetha ikhwelo iyenzeka xa usebenza kuluhlu lwamaza okuviwayo. Ngoko ke, izinto ezisezantsi ze-shrinkage zinokusetyenziswa kule meko.

20. Yintoni ukungalingani kwemagnethi?

Le nto yenzeka kwii-ferrites kwaye ibonakaliswe kukuncipha kokungena okwenzekayo xa undoqo ukhutshwa nguzibuthe. Le demagnetization ingenzeka xa ubushushu bokusebenza bungaphezulu kweqondo leCurie point, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kokutshintshana kwangoku okanye ukungcangcazela komatshini kuncipha kancinci kancinci.

Kule meko, ukunyanzeliswa kuqala ukunyuka kwinqanaba layo lokuqala kwaye kuncipha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba akukho miqathango ekhethekileyo ilindeleke ngesicelo, utshintsho kwi-permeability luya kuba luncinci, njengoko utshintsho oluninzi luya kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezilandela imveliso. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ayakukhawulezisa oku kwehla kokungena kwamanzi. I-Dissonance yemagnethi iphinda-phinda emva kokuphuma kuzibuthe ngempumelelo nganye kwaye ke yahlukile ekwaluphaleni.